Analysis Of Jackpot Paradise Casino s Gaming Environment...

Jackpot Paradise certainly caters to the needs of many keen players who are always looking for a friendly and trustworthy platform to enjoy online gambling. Although the Jackpot Paradise Casino is quite new to the online gambling industry, it is undoubtedly one of the best casinos out there. With a diverse choice of games and bonus options, this online casino keeps its players happy and satisfied all the time. Slot and table game players will find enough game choices in the Jackpot Paradise Casino. This LGA of Malta licensed casino offers a secure, safe and enjoyable gaming environment for players around the world. Summary and Casino Description: The games featured in this casino are powered by the famous software provider Progress Play. Gaming technology giant Microgaming runs and operates Progress Play. Undoubtedly, each game featured in this casino arena has awesome game choices. Players will be excited to know that Jackpot Paradise boasts some awesome jackpot games, including some progressive jackpots. The makers of this casino have surely chosen the correct name. If progressive jackpot games are what you love to play, then Jackpot Casino offers some of the awesome games such as Lotsaloot, Mega Moolah, King Cashlot and Treasure Mile jackpot. Even the newly introduced Game of Thrones, Jurassic Park, Immortal Romance and Avalon 2 are other popular jackpot games. Slot games are not the only game choices at Jackpot Casino. Players will find a diverse array of table games,Show MoreRelatedCasino Industry Strategy Case Study Essay6573 Words   |  27 PagesAssignment 1 - the Casino Industry 1. Introduction - current situation overview The three most common forms of casino gambling in the USA are the land-based, the river-boat and the Native American gambling. During the year 2009, the commercial casino industry used to employ about 375000 people earning around $13 billion in wages, making it one of the biggest industries in the USA. Commercial casinos are a major part of the actual entertainment landscape. For proof,  ¼ of the U.S. adult population

The Foxhole Court, By Writer Nora Sakavic Essay - 1193 Words

â€Å"University, he said quietly. It sounded like a dream; it tasted like damnation†. This quote is stated in the book â€Å"The Foxhole Court† by Writer Nora Sakavic. As we know, university is the first formal step of planning for future destination, analysis all the opportunities, choosing best option, applying strategies for moving forward. Career orientation or career development process may start from here. Leading a healthy, solvent and transparent economic life a perfect career should be selected. By analyzing political economic factors behind such as values in present market demand, how domestic and international interact with the matter, consistency with developing economy, financial advancement, market orientation one can choose one’s future. Without scrutinizing these sections decisions may take for personal gain or achievement. This is the why I like to choose The subject â€Å"Public Administration† at renowned University of Dhaka. Political Economy : Political Economy, branch of social science that studies the relationships between individuals and society and between markets and the state, using a diverse set of tool and methods drawn largely, from economics, political science and sociology. The term political economy is derived from the Greek polis, meaning city or state and oikonomos meaning one who manages a household estate. Political economy thus can be understood as the study of how a country – the public’s household – is managed or governed, taking into account both

Buddhist website Free Essays

string(139) " an interesting statistics on the Christian websites in regard to the goal of the website users in their accessing the religious websites\." The future exploratory study will identify how the multimedia factors contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) – graphic usage, audio/video usage, merchandise section, etc. – affect Thai user’s attitude toward Buddhist website. The dissertation also seeks to determine whether the abovementioned factors make user to have either positive or negative or indifferent attitude toward the site. We will write a custom essay sample on Buddhist website or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study will employ a two-part qualitative methodology, and the results, it is hoped, will lead to more informed policies for the assessment of Thai user’s attitude toward Buddhist websites. This dissertation will employ heuristic and field research methodology to perform a high-level cultural analysis on Website design for the purposes of future research. The analysis of socio-economical and cultural issues (religion, Human-Computer Interaction, e-commerce, ethnography) relating to Website design is especially valuable from the perspective of the Thai-speaking Buddhist audience. Future research on the matters stated above is expected to clarify what kind of information people from the particular cultural region expect and how it should be designed. Literature Review Mayhew once compared a website to a book which anyone can display on The World Wide Web (WWW) which is â€Å"a repository of public information and transactions created by the public and accessible to the public via the Internet† (Mayhew, 2003, p. 3). The characteristics of the WWW are tensely linked to the ones of the website. Any website incorporates multimedia data such as text, static graphics, sound, animation, movie clips and virtual spaces arranged as hypermedia documents. These are the â€Å"documents that contain links to other pages of information† (Dodge Kitchin, 2001, p. 3). The key issue about a website is its interactive, multimedia and hypermedia nature. The present research should be inevitably wrapped around the principles of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), user interface (UI) design, website usability engineering, and their influences on the website users. Alty defined the goal of HCI as â€Å"the efficient transfer of information between persons and computers† (2003a, p. 100). According to Alty, HCI is [†¦] a generic term that describes all the activities concerned with the research, design, analysis, development, implementation and evaluation of the interactions across the interface between computer applications and human beings (often called users or operators) who are interacting with the application. (Alty, 2003b, p. 228) An authentic website should be constructed according to the principle of user-centered design. It means that â€Å"the needs, capabilities and limitations of the intended users [should be] properly taken into account during the design process† (Alty, 2003a, p. 100). Among the Internet user interface capabilities and constraints affecting users’ perceptions Mayhew listed modem speed, browser capabilities, browser controls and interpreters, installed â€Å"helper applications† or â€Å"plug-ins,† windowing, direct manipulation, and color (2003, p. 11). Within the context of HCI, a website utilizes output (text, graphics, sound, music, speech, color, animation, still pictures, moving video) and input (text [keyboard, handwriting], gesture [mouse, pen, dataglove, eye-movement], audio [voice or sound]) media to produce an effect on the user. Most literature investigates the tokens of user-friendliness in regard to a website (Mayhew, 2003; Mayhew Bias, 2003; Opaluch, 2003; Boardman, 2004). Acknowledging the importance of this concept, Kurosu (2003) relied on cultural aspects of web usability such as â€Å"cultural variety† and â€Å"depth of culture† (p. 48). The researcher utilized Suzuki’s (1997) definition of the culture as â€Å"the response pattern shared by some specific group of people that is shaped through interaction with the environment† (Kurosu, 2003, p. 48) holding â€Å"the response pattern† as â€Å"how people will interact with the Website,† and â€Å"interaction with the environment† as â€Å"the interaction with the Website through the PC environment, including the browser. † Laney (1998) in his investigation of religious Christian Web sites relied on the Media System Dependency as well as uses and gratifications perspectives. Some researchers (Weeks Goodman, 2003; Proctor Vu, 2003) investigated HIC within the context of human information processing and perceptual-motor behavior, whereas the other group of scholars (van der Veer del Carmen, 2003; Yoshikawa, 2003) emphasized the mental modeling as the core of HCI. Finally, Brave Nass (2003) researched emotional implications of human-computer interaction. There is also a considerable body of research (Mayhew Bias, 2003; Carey, 2001; Steinbock, 2000; Varey, 2001) dedicated to the issues of e-commerce and marketing relating to websites. Taken into account the field of the present research, reaction of Thai users towards Buddhist websites, the abovestated mechanisms and structures of HCI with a stress of user-friendliness should be analyzed within the religious and cultural context. The relation to culture in terms of geographical location is distorted and made complex within the WWW context (Couldry McCarthy, 2004; Miller, 2004; Dodge Kitchin, 2001; Kurosu, 2003). Geographical boundaries (the areas where people confess Buddhism, Thailand as a state unity) do not coincide with cultural zones (Thai cultural identity) and virtual areas (the WWW). On the one hand, Thailand is ready to enter the global community with its rather developed media network (Hamilton, 2002; Mccargo, 2002). On the other hand, the Thai national cultural identity is of introvert type with its â€Å"assertion of distinctiveness in relation to a powerful external world of ‘others’† (Hamilton, 2002, p. 153). One should also take into consideration the cultural elements constituting the religion of Buddhism. Haynes (2003) stated that over 90 per cent of the Thais are Buddhists. In Thailand Buddhism is â€Å"the sasana pracham chat, that is, the ‘inherent’ national religion† and constitutes â€Å"an ideological basis and political legitimacy† for the state (Haynes, 2003, p. 365). However, Haynes (2003) noted that the role of the state religion is flexible and â€Å"open to debate† (ibid. ). Swearer emphasized the unusual orientation of Thai Buddhism towards â€Å"[t]he cult of relics, images, icons, and amulets† (2003, p. 10). The religion in Thailand became more â€Å"secular and commercial† (ibid. ). The discussion seems especially interesting when religious issues are projected onto the virtual reality in the form of a religious website. Miller Slater acknowledged â€Å"the coming together of a widespread interest in the spiritual implications of the technology, found in some of the cyberutopian literature, together with an interest in the use of the Internet on the part of established religions† (2000, p. 173). Laney (1998) noted that the simplification of web technologies and, thus, their cheapening contributed to the proliferation of religious websites. Unfortunately, the accessible literature concentrated on Christian websites with no comparison to other confessions. Last (2005) provided an interesting statistics on the Christian websites in regard to the goal of the website users in their accessing the religious websites. You read "Buddhist website" in category "Papers" According to the source, 32 percent of the web-surfers are interested in religious news, 17 percent search for places to worship, 14 percent plan religious group meetings via the Internet, and 7 percent donate to charity with the help of the WWW. Besides, 11 percent of Internet users download spiritual music, 35 percent send online greeting cards, and 38 percent email spiritual messages. Unfortunately, the statistics is rather modest in regard to Buddhist websites. Within the Thailand context, Hachigian Wu observed such HCI problems as â€Å"the lack of IT access in rural areas where most of the population lives, lack of literacy in English/lack of Thai content, incompatible systems in different parts of the government, and inadequate training of officials† (2003, p. 88). Most of the Buddhist websites found by a plain search via search engines (Yahoo, Google, etc. ) are written in English. Therefore, the present investigation is associated with difficulties in locating authentic sites for analysis. Problem definition It is true that literature about the WWW and general principles of website user interface (UI) design has grown lately. However, religious usage of websites is significantly underexplored. It is especially evident in regard to non-Christian religious websites. Religious website usage may contribute positively to the body of scholarly research on the motivations for religious Web use. The media being studied are Buddhist religious sites on the World Wide Web. Large investments are being made into the construction and development of religious websites on the Internet. A great proportion of Buddhist websites are written in English and seeks to meet cultural expectations of the Westerners. Laney (1998) once defined the problem for his investigation of Christian websites as the poorly researched motivations of the English-speaking visitors. The American scholar would be astonished at the â€Å"black hole† in regard to the motivations of Thai-speaking web-surfers whose driving desires and emotions relating to Buddhist websites are unexplored even to a greater extent. The present project seeks specifically to provide an exploratory study of Buddhist Thai-speaking website users and their motivations for using the religious Buddhist websites. Cultural theory as well as Mental Models theory and HCI theory construct a complex framework important for the present analysis. In order to investigate Thai users’ attitudes toward Buddhist websites the following theoretical framework was constructed. Three issues taken as independent variables are taken: graphics usage, audio/video usage, and e-marketing strategies in regard to Buddhist religious items. The first two issues are the types of output media whose effect on the user has been empirically proved. The issue of e-marketing is still being explored mainly from the perspective of user-centered design. A lot of elements may enter this concept including technical (e. g. , modem speed), user-oriented input (text, gesture, audio media), cultural (language, religion, country/nation) and other issues. The aforestated independent variables are supposed to affect (either positively, or negatively, or neutrally) the variable of website user’s perceptions. It is supposed here that graphics and multimedia elements do correlate with web-surfers’ emotions and attitudes. The second hypothesis is that religious background of a user (Buddhism) reinforces his/her positive/negative attitude toward Buddhist websites. In an effort to determine the presence/absence of correlation between website user design elements and Thai Buddhist users a revisit of previous implications of HCI and cultural paradigms is necessary. This research will attempt to provide a description of Thai Buddhism website usage. An additional purpose of this study is to identify the website design elements which positively/negatively affect the users of Buddhist religious websites. This study is an exploratory step in growing research on religious websites usage and the motivations for its use. Numerous studies will be required to obtain sufficient knowledge to fully understand this audience’s motivations and preferences for utilizing the most modern form of mediated religion. It is hoped that the present project will provide a starting point and contribute to the growing body of knowledge in regard to the Internet and its cultural and social significance. Bibliography 1. Dodge, M. Kitchin, R. (2001) Mapping cyberspace. London, Routledge. 2. Mccargo, D. (2002) Media and politics in Pacific Asia. London, Routledge. 3. Boardman, M. (2004) The language of websites. New York, Routledge. 4. Dennis, C. , Fenech, T. Merrilees, B. (2004) E-Retailing. New York, Routledge. 5. Steinbock, D. (2000) The birth of Internet marketing communications. Westport, CT, Quorum Books. 6. Varey, R. J. (2001) Marketing communication: An introduction to contemporary issues. New York, Routledge. 7. Miller, D. Slater, D. (2000) The Internet: An ethnographic approach. Oxford, Berg. 8. Hachigian, N. Wu, L. (2003) The Information Revolution in Asia. Santa Monica, CA, Rand. 9. Mayhew, D. J. (2003) The web as software. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3-19. 10. Kurosu, M. (2003) A cultural comparison of website design from a usability engineering perspective. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 47-59. 11. Mayhew, D. J. Bias, R. G. (2003) Cost-justifying web usability. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 63-87. 12. Opaluch, R. (2003) Usability metrics. In: Ratner, J. ed. Human factors and web development. Mahwah, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 101-122. 13. Hamilton, A. (2002) The national picture: Thai media and cultural identity. In: Abu-Lughod, L. , Ginsburg, F. D. Larkin, B. ed. Media worlds: Anthropology on new terrain. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, pp. 152-170. 14. Swearer, D. K. (2003) Aniconism versus iconism in Thai Buddhism. In: Heine, S. Prebish, C. S. ed. Buddhism in the modern world: Adaptations of an ancient tradition. New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 9-25. 15. Alty, J. L. (2003a) Databases, knowledge management and information retrieval. In: Feather, J. Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 100-101. 16. Alty, J. L. (2003b) Human-computer interaction. In: Feather, J. Sturges, P. ed. International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science. New York, Routledge, pp. 228-230. How to cite Buddhist website, Papers

Network Design Proposal free essay sample

This paper will provide the recommendations for a network that will allow the connection of 50 different remote locations. Half of the remote locations will be required to connect with central headquarters 6 to 8 hours a day and send large files back and forth which consist of date, graphics and product design information including blueprints. The other 25 locations are sales offices and connect at the end of the day to upload daily/other periodic reports that total less than 5 megabytes of data. With the given research I have gathered, I recommend the following: LAN Each of the 50 LAN within the remote locations does not have a criteria within the question posed. A few things are taken as assumptions. The first assumption is that the 25 remote locations does not only need to have the ability to send files from to the central headquarters 6 to 8 hours a day but that it also needs the ability to send these files among themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Design Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The network requirements also states that the other 25 locations only needs to connect to the central headquarters at the end of the day and upload files less than 5 megabytes to the central site. The second assumption is that at no point the sales site could convert to a site that would require the ability to send videos and other large files to each other. With these assumptions, I recommend the LAN to use an Ethernet protocol for the 25 sales sites. This protocol is the most widely used protocol as of today (Martin W. Murhammer, 1999). Ethernet is the most cost effective method to employ over the LAN network for the requirements given. Ethernet provides the equivalent to hitting a fly with a fly swatter, instead of using a mallet which would be done by using WAN protocols such as frame relay and ATM. Because this network would use a bus topology, we will use the access method of CSMA/CD to prevent packet lost (Martin W. Murhammer, 1999). This access method will allow computers to use the same transmission line and take turns sending information along that line. For the other 25 sites’ LAN, I recommend using the Token Ring Protocol. With the given criteria of staying connected to the central office, a main transmission line cannot be used. For the ability to stay connected, you would need a protocol that does not have to use the same transmission line for each computer to be able o get out to the WAN from the LAN. The LAN will have to use Multi-station access units to avoid the use sharing a single transmission line. WAN The recommendation for the WAN network could also be different between the two divisions of the locations. In order to connect to the central headquarters and upload date at the end of the day you would need a simple protocol so that packets are sent the mo re effective and quicker route. The assumption that is taken about the WAN connecting to the other sites is that all data is held at the central headquarters. I will also assume that there are servers located at all of the satellite sites to store data. I will assume data is off site at the central headquarters and can be retrieved at any site from a server at the central headquarters. In order to be able to connect to the central headquarters for 6 to 8 hours per day, you would need a protocol or connection with the ability to carry a lot of bandwidth. Circuit switching protocols can create a connection between the sites and the central headquarters. Circuit switching establishes a link between the two nodes that needs to be connected and send information back and forth. Advantages to circuit switching are its fast and error free connections (Kolobe, 2006). In order to accomplish this with packet switching you must have a protocol instituted that allows error free and high speed connection between the routers of each location. A comparison of Frame relay and the ATM protocol is needed to decide on the best option for packet switching if that is considered. Frame relay is a standard when connecting multiple LANs together. When using frame relay, virtual circuits can exist simultaneously across a transmission line. This allows each devise to use more bandwidth therefore the ability to work at higher speeds (Protocols). Frame relay uses error handling that discards erroneous packets to be retransmitted later instead of using time consuming error handling techniques (Protocols). The negative on this is that it further clogs the lines in the network causing more congestion and the need for more error handling controls. ATM protocol has a lot of advantages over frame relay. ATM is not tied to a specific medium and a specific physical medium (Greene, 2007). The ATM protocol is widely used for transferring large files that are a gigabyte in size. This ability to transmit that size of data efficiently allows it to be the choice to transmit videos throughout the network. The third type of connection is a dedicated WAN connection or leased line. This is a permanent dedicated connection between two parties (Computer Network, 2009). The advantages of a dedicated line are the high availability and the ability to handle high data traffic between WAN’s. The disadvantage is the high cost of leasing each line that is needed (Computer Network, 2009). My recommendation is the use packet switching for the communications between the LAN’s.

Kantha Industries Essay Example

Kantha Industries Essay TITLE OF CASE: Stagnation in Growth of Kantha Industry STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Whether the organization should go out of the village for marketing or organize exhibitions within the village. THE CASE: * 50 year old small scale industry in West Bengal. * Main products: Leather, textile and other handworks like Kantha stitch. * Employs 350 workers, out of which 72 are women. They work in groups of ten with monthly income of 400-800 Rs. * Products perceived as a luxury goods and not necessity. * Currently, the source of income is through exhibitions in nearby towns and cities. Major market being Kolkata. SCOPE: Considered merits and demerits of both alternatives as below: ALTERNATIVES: 1. Village exhibitions: Merits – Overall expenses of setting up an exhibition will reduce. Employment will be generated. Promotion tourism in and around the village. Subsidies from the Government will promote the industry further. NRIs will be a major customer base. Unique identity of the place and product. Demerits – There’ll be a loss of current customer base that is the nearby towns and cities. Revenue will be reduced as once it goes out of village, its price shoots up. 2. Organize exhibitions outside: Merits- greater revenues as exhibitions are targeted at the cities and towns where demand exist. Demerits- Expenses of organizing exhibitions so up. RECOMMENDATION: To run both alternatives parallel for some time and in the long run do away with exhibitions outside the village once the village exhibitions seems feasible and profitable. CONCLUSION: The organization should continue marketing out of village via exhibitions along with exhibitions within the village and then slowly after gaining popularity or doing good business it can continue with the exhibitions within the village and try for handicraft retailers and traders. We will write a custom essay sample on Kantha Industries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kantha Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kantha Industries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: kantha-stitch industry in West Bengal, which is a specific kind of decorative embroidery done only by the rural people of Bengal, has emerged as a highly lucrative industry, operating as an informal sector in India. However the people who create the exquisite patterns, after labouring for days, however, receive meagre remuneration and no recognition for their art. The main cause is that these products are not necessity rather a luxury or status symbol. So people in villages cannot afford it. The sales in cities and towns like Kolkata is better but not at all at a comfort zone. The main reason being the lac of promotion. The income mainly comes from the exhibitions which absorb a lot of capital investment. So this case study provides a decision making problem of whether to go out of the village for marketing or to organize exhibitions within village. For the analysis both the possibilities have been considered and merits and demerits of each have been analysed. Ultimately the conclusion which was reached of running both alternatives parallel for some time and in the long run do away with exhibitions outside the village once the village exhibitions seems feasible and profitable.

Free Essays on The Symbolic Nature Of Caves In E. M. Forster’s A Passage To India

A Passage to India, E. M. Forster’s best-known novel, illustrates the cultural dichotomy of Indian and British lifestyles in the age of imperialism. Perhaps one of the greatest incongruities in this dichotomy is the differing view of life held by the Christian, Muslim, and Hindu characters within the novel. Forster divides the novel into three sections – Mosque, Caves, and Temple. In each of these sections Forster addresses, albeit elusively, issues of spirituality and human existence. Forster’s symbolic elements within A Passage to India require the reader to contemplate the deeper issues of the human psyche. Perhaps the most important symbolic element within the novel – in both structure and theme – are the Marabar Caves. Here, deep within the recesses of the dark caves, the characters within the novel confront the deepest recesses of the unconscious mind. A Passage to India begins in the city of Chandrapore in British ruled India, a location best known for its proximity to the famous Marabar Caves. The most crucial events in the novel take place within the caves, and characters such as Mrs. Moore and Adela must face their deepest inner fears because of the events that occur within the caves. In Part Two of the novel, aptly named Caves, Forster’s initial description of the geography of Marabar is rich with imagery that hints at deeper meaning: There is something unspeakable in these outposts. They are like nothing else in the world, and a glimpse of them makes the breath catch. They rise abruptly, insanely, without the proportion that is kept by the wildest hills elsewhere, they bear no relation to anything dreamt or seen. To call them â€Å"uncanny† suggests ghosts, and they are older than all spirit. (Forster 136) Forster subtly evokes feelings of spirituality and solemnity, ideas that foreshadow later events in the novel. Yet, Forster departs sharply from these mystical images in the passage tha... Free Essays on The Symbolic Nature Of Caves In E. M. Forster’s A Passage To India Free Essays on The Symbolic Nature Of Caves In E. M. Forster’s A Passage To India A Passage to India, E. M. Forster’s best-known novel, illustrates the cultural dichotomy of Indian and British lifestyles in the age of imperialism. Perhaps one of the greatest incongruities in this dichotomy is the differing view of life held by the Christian, Muslim, and Hindu characters within the novel. Forster divides the novel into three sections – Mosque, Caves, and Temple. In each of these sections Forster addresses, albeit elusively, issues of spirituality and human existence. Forster’s symbolic elements within A Passage to India require the reader to contemplate the deeper issues of the human psyche. Perhaps the most important symbolic element within the novel – in both structure and theme – are the Marabar Caves. Here, deep within the recesses of the dark caves, the characters within the novel confront the deepest recesses of the unconscious mind. A Passage to India begins in the city of Chandrapore in British ruled India, a location best known for its proximity to the famous Marabar Caves. The most crucial events in the novel take place within the caves, and characters such as Mrs. Moore and Adela must face their deepest inner fears because of the events that occur within the caves. In Part Two of the novel, aptly named Caves, Forster’s initial description of the geography of Marabar is rich with imagery that hints at deeper meaning: There is something unspeakable in these outposts. They are like nothing else in the world, and a glimpse of them makes the breath catch. They rise abruptly, insanely, without the proportion that is kept by the wildest hills elsewhere, they bear no relation to anything dreamt or seen. To call them â€Å"uncanny† suggests ghosts, and they are older than all spirit. (Forster 136) Forster subtly evokes feelings of spirituality and solemnity, ideas that foreshadow later events in the novel. Yet, Forster departs sharply from these mystical images in the passage tha...

Reillys Law of Retail Gravitation

Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation In 1931, William J. Reilly was inspired by the law of gravity to create an application of the gravity model to measure retail trade between two cities. His work and theory, The Law of Retail Gravitation, allows us to draw trade area boundaries around cities using the distance between the cities and the population of each city. History of the Theory Reilly realized that the larger a city, the larger a trade area it would have and thus it would draw from a larger hinterland around the city. Two cities of equal size have a trade area boundary midway between the two cities. When cities are of unequal size, the boundary lies closer to the smaller city, giving the larger city a larger trade area. Reilly called the boundary between two trade areas the breaking point (BP). On that line, exactly half the population shops at either of the two cities. The formula is used between two cities to find the BP between the two. The distance between the two cities is divided by one plus the result of dividing the population of city B by the population of city A. The resulting BP is the distance from city A to the 50% boundary of the trade area. One can determine the complete trade area of a city by determining the BP between multiple cities or centers. Of course, Reillys law presumes that the cities are on a flat plain without any rivers, freeways, political boundaries, consumer preferences, or mountains to modify an individuals progress toward a city.